
Cluster API: Declarative Cluster Lifecycle Management
Cluster API introduces declarative, Kubernetes-native APIs for managing cluster lifecycles across cloud providers and on-premises infrastructure.

Cluster API introduces declarative, Kubernetes-native APIs for managing cluster lifecycles across cloud providers and on-premises infrastructure.

Kubernetes 1.16 focuses on API evolution, CustomResourceDefinition GA, server-side apply beta, and stability improvements across workloads and storage.

Kubernetes 1.15 sharpened extensibility and stability with CRD refinements, CSI upgrades like volume cloning, and kubeadm enhancements for production-ready clusters.

Kubernetes 1.14 delivers GA Windows node support, promotes kubectl to stable status, and tightens cluster operations with kubeadm and DNS caching upgrades.

kubeadm reaches general availability with Kubernetes 1.13, providing a stable foundation for production cluster creation and management.

Kubernetes 1.13 graduates kubeadm, CSI and CoreDNS, adds admission webhook GA, kubectl plugin extensibility, and solidifies Windows and device plugin support.

Network Policies provide pod-level network segmentation in Kubernetes, enabling micro-segmentation and defense-in-depth security strategies.

kind (Kubernetes in Docker) emerges as a powerful tool for local development and CI/CD testing, offering a lightweight alternative to minikube.

Kubernetes 1.12 introduces HPA v2beta2 with stable custom metrics support, enabling autoscaling on application metrics, queue depth, and cloud service metrics beyond CPU and memory.

Kubernetes 1.12 graduates kubelet TLS bootstrap and Azure VMSS to GA, introduces RuntimeClass, volume snapshot alpha, and major autoscaling improvements for large clusters.